Fluid and electrolyte balance underpins much of Physiological Adaptation on the NCLEX-RN. These free questions cover common imbalances and their nursing priorities.
A client has a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. Which finding is the nurse's greatest concern?
RATIONALE
Severe hyperkalemia is life-threatening because of its cardiac effects. Peaked T waves progressing to widened QRS and dysrhythmias are the priority concern and require immediate intervention.
Which client is at highest risk for hyponatremia?
RATIONALE
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) causes water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Diabetes insipidus tends toward hypernatremia from water loss.
A client with hypocalcemia may exhibit which sign?
RATIONALE
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, producing a positive Trousseau's (carpal spasm) and Chvostek's sign, tetany, and hyperactive reflexes. Constipation and kidney stones are associated with hypercalcemia.
These are just a few samples. NCA's full platform runs a real Computer Adaptive Testing engine with detailed rationales for every question.
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